Evaluating energy efficiency strategies in a tiny house located in a cold dry climate

Abstract

The ‘Tiny House’ (TH) is a classification of residential construction, which typically have less than 400 ft2 (37 m2) of floor area. The smaller size of components and overall construction pose unique challenges to designers and builders of such houses. Therefore, this study leverages existing literature to identify optimal building practices, materials, and processes for the design, construction and operation of THs that reduce energy consumption while at the same time ensure thermal comfort of occupants. The study then evaluates selected strategies for the envelope, ventilation, as well as for passive heating and cooling, that can potentially contribute to the reduction in energy consumption and maintain appropriate thermal comfort in a TH. The intent of this study is to determine the impact of the unique configuration of the TH on resulting energy performance and thermal comfort. A calibrated whole-building simulation model of a TH in Bozeman, Montana is used to evaluate the measures taken to improve energy efficiency and thermal comfort in the house for the specific climate conditions. Results indicate to overheating as a major concern when implementing energy efficiency strategies in the TH. Recommendations for such strategies include: the use of construction technologies that provide improved insulation and airtightness; implementation of passive ventilation strategies, optimizing the use and position of windows; and implementation of hybrid passive cooling systems, all of which have to address the issue of overheating with adequate ventilation in the TH.