Abstract
The spatio-temporal variability of meteorological droughts in the Mekong delta area of Vietnam were analysed to detect drought events using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) at different time scales based on 32-year (1984-2015) monthly rainfall data. The degree and intensity of drought in the years of El Nino phenomenon during the study period were also analysed. The results confirmed that the frequency of drought scales decreased while their spatial distribution tends to increase with main scales including moderate and severe droughts.During the period of study, 1990-1992 drought stage was defined the most extreme drought with 11 out of 13 provinces of the study area experienced the extreme drought as the peak value of SPI12 was -2.63 and the duration of the drought lasted for 29 months.
Highlights
There have been various indices developed to characterise the drought and its intensity namely Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Multivariate Standardized Precipitation Index (MSPI), Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI), Standardized Runoû Index(SRI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Evapotranspiration Deficit Index (ETDI), Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) which have been widely used in different the regions of the world (Asadi et al, 2015; Barua et al, 2009; Bayissa et al, 2018; Chaudhari and Dadhwal, 2004)
The advantage of the SPI compared to other drought indices is that it requires only rainfall as the input data.Looking to the drought related problems in Mekong delta of Vietnam, the present study was undertaken to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of the meteorological drought using standardized precipitation index (SPI)
The Mekong delta area lies in the southern of Vietnam and known as the largest rice warehouse in Vietnam (Dan et al, 2015) with the total land area of approximately 1.7 million hectares covering to the thirteen provinces (MNRE, 2016)
Summary
There have been various indices developed to characterise the drought and its intensity namely Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Multivariate Standardized Precipitation Index (MSPI), Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI), Standardized Runoû Index(SRI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Evapotranspiration Deficit Index (ETDI), Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) which have been widely used in different the regions of the world (Asadi et al, 2015; Barua et al, 2009; Bayissa et al, 2018; Chaudhari and Dadhwal, 2004). Bayissa et al, (2018) applied six drought indices viz. SPI, SPEI, ETDI, SMDI, ADI and SRI to assess and monitor droughts for the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. The SPI has been widely applied to evaluate and monitor drought (Bayissa et al, 2018; Kwak et al, 2016; Yu et al, 2017). The advantage of the SPI compared to other drought indices is that it requires only rainfall as the input data.Looking to the drought related problems in Mekong delta of Vietnam, the present study was undertaken to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of the meteorological drought using standardized precipitation index (SPI)
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