Evaluating Climate Change Impacts to Qatar’s Marine Life: A Risk Assessment for SDG 14 (Life Below Water)

Abstract

Marine life is integral to Qatar and the broader Arab region, serving as a cornerstone for biodiversity, economic activity, and cultural heritage. Despite the ambitious targets set by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14, climate change is placing mounting pressure on conservation efforts. Recognizing that climate change cannot be entirely stopped, the focus should be on mitigating its effects through sustainable strategies. This study identifies twelve climate-related risks that impede Qatar's progress towards achieving SDG 14 - Life Below Water. To understand the region-specific climate risks, this study engaged in a focus group discussion with representatives from the government, NGOs, private sector, and academia. The Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) identified the most severe risks as flooding associated with rising sea levels, modified species biogeography, and compromised coral reef health. While other risks were rated low, such as risks to seagrass meadows driven by increasing sea temperatures. Other significant findings include the need for increased awareness of climate change impacts on both the local and global administrative platforms. This risk assessment provides insights into the vulnerable facets of Qatar's marine environment, intending to guide forthcoming strategies for achieving SDG-14.