Evaluating Chlorophyll and Nitrogen Production in Edible Plant Sources Grown Under 5 Gigahertz Radiofrequency Radiation Emissions

Abstract

By 2022 the demand for constant connectivity to high speed wireless communication networks is predicted to skyrocket with over 12 billion mobile devices and almost half a billion public Wi‐Fi hot spots. Both 5th generation (5G) cellular networks and current IEEE 802.11 Wi‐Fi can transmit radiofrequencies in the 5 Giga Hertz (5 GHz) range. Higher frequencies, such as those in the 5 GHz range, have been shown to be more harmful to humans and biological systems than lower frequencies. Although not well understood, frequencies generated in this range by newly established 5G cellular networks, and common Wi‐Fi 5 GHz networks, may pose a danger to biological systems which could have a significant impact on human health.This work looks to examine the effects of 5 GHz radiofrequency radiation on chlorophyll production and nitrogen levels in green leafy plants, in particular spinach. Chlorophyll is the most important intermediate in the conversion of light to organic matter in photosynthesis. Nitrogen is known to be directly proportional to chlorophyll content and is found in high amounts within enzymes, proteins, and thylakoid membranes required for photosynthesis. Spinach is known to have high levels of chlorophyll and has been chosen as the plant for testing. Using a TYS‐B Portable Chlorophyll Meter, chlorophyll and nitrogen levels will be non‐destructively measured over 5 weeks of growth under close bombardment from 5 GHz generated radio emissions in treatment groups and control groups shielded from all radio frequency emissions.If statistical significance suggests chlorophyll and nitrogen levels are decreased between treatment and control groups, further investigation may be warranted to assess the impact on human and plant health. Lower chlorophyll levels could decrease overall group weight and may contribute to a decline in pollinators. Decreased pollinators and lower crop yields could cost consumers billions of dollars in lower availability. As high frequency radio emissions continue to increase across the globe, any information would be available in determining possible dangers from these new technologies.Support or Funding Information• Bridges to Baccalaureate Grant awarded through National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Coconino Community College NIH Grant # 1R25GM102788‐01