Abstract
The effects of radium-223 on the immune system and the bone tumor microenvironment are incompletely understood. The authors describe mechanisms by which radium-223 may interact with the immune system, specifically through STAT-3 and impact on tumor and circulating lymphocyte populations. They review mechanisms through which effects of radium-223 and androgen-targeted therapy on bone microenvironment could be better elucidated. These knowledge gaps currently limit development of optimal combination therapy approaches for radium-223. Tissue based studies are currently underway in a prospective clinical trial to enhance therapeutic perspective on radium-223 treatment in the prostate cancer landscape.
Published Version
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