Abstract
In this study, the positive role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pretreatment in mitigating the adverse impacts of seawater stress has been evaluated in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, namely Gemmiza 11 as a salt-sensitive and Misr 1 as a salt-tolerant cultivar, with contrasting phenotypes in response to the salinity stress. Under normal conditions, wheat seeds eustress with H2O2 have shown significant effects on the improvement of plant growth parameters, such as dry weight and root and shoot lengths. Under salt stress conditions, seeds eustress with H2O2 have shown a reduction in damage to plant growth and physiological parameters as compared to the seeds kept as un-primed in both wheat cultivars. In addition, eustress of seeds with H2O2 has induced an increment in the pigments content, proline level and mineral uptake (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+). Moreover, seeds eustress with H2O2 have shown significant decrement in Na+ content uptake in plants and that subsequently reduced lipid peroxidation. Seawater stress has increased the activity of the antioxidant system based on catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in both cultivars, except POD in Gemmiza 11. Similarly, the application of H2O2 has further enhanced the activity of the antioxidant system in stressed plants and this enhancement of the antioxidant system further reduced Na+ content in plants and subsequently increased the growth parameters. Results of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers have shown clear differentiation among the treatments and have provided strong evidence in support of the hypothesis proposed in this study that H2O2 eustress improves seed tolerance and enhances plant growth parameters under seawater stress.
Highlights
Salinity is an environmental factor affecting about one-third of the agricultural lands in the world and is considered as a serious problem for crop production in arid and semiarid regions [1,2,3]
The first cluster the traits, we explained can see that eustress withtotal hydrogen peroxide increased morphological and concluded two treatments vis
Reduction in the water potential and increment of the concentration of salts in inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)-4medium displayed thatdecreased under non-saline conditions, with H2 Omost the 2 stimulated the plant growth show root growth
Summary
Salinity is an environmental factor affecting about one-third of the agricultural lands in the world and is considered as a serious problem for crop production in arid and semiarid regions [1,2,3]. In these regions, the water shortage, limited rainfall, intense heat, high evapotranspiration, poor water quality, Plants 2019, 8, 303; doi:10.3390/plants8090303 www.mdpi.com/journal/plants. Salt stress-induced shortage water can cause oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in cell damage through the oxidation of nucleic acids, lipids and proteins [8]. Evidences suggest that H2 O2 directly interferes with the expression of many genes and causes hypersensitive defense responses [14] or more antioxidant system activity [15] in plants under environmental stress conditions
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