European survey for NO x emissions with emphasis on Eastern Europe

Abstract

Emission estimates are presented for NO x from stationary and mobile sources in Europe with particular eempasis on Eastern Europe. Total emissions of NO x in Europe were estimated to 23.9 × 10 6 as NO 2 in 1985 with a ca 50 per cent contribution from Eastern Europe. The calculated emissions were based on the emission factors proposed in this work, and on statistical data. The proposed emission factors were country specific for stationary sources in Eastern Europe. For mobile sources, uniform emission factors for each vehicle type and driving mode were used for all countries. For stationary sources in Western Europe, the emission figures from OECD were used. The NO x emissions from stationary sources in Europe were calculated to be equal to the NO x emissions from mobile sources in Europe. The contribution of NO x emissions from stationary sources in Eastern Europe was, however, 60 per cent, and for Western Europe, 40 per cent. The spatial distribution of NO x emissions in Europe is also shown in the EMEP grid system of 150 km × 150 km. The NO x emission factors and the NO x emissions in Eastern Europe were then compared with estimates from the EMEP programme and with data from national authorities in Eastern Europe. Good agreement was obtained for the G.D.R., Hungary and, to some extent, Poland. The largest differences were found for the U.S.S.R., Albania, Bulgaria, Romania and Yugoslavia. Natural emissions of NO x in Europe were also estimated and it was suggested that they are not significant (below 3 per cent) compared to anthropogenic emissions. The following can be recommended: (1) a unified methodology to calculate NO x emission factors; (2) a handbook of NO x emission factors; (3) an atlas of major point sources in Europe, and (4) a methodology to calculate accuracy of NO x emission estimates.