European helicopter rotor noise research—Highlights of recent projects

Abstract

Significant advances in understanding, modeling, and controlling helicopter rotor noise have been made in the course of several major European rotor aeroacoustic research projects over the past years. The availability of the German–Dutch Wind Tunnel (DNW), in particular, has enabled research on relatively large main rotor models (up to typically 40% full scale). Here, the simultaneous application and use of blade-mounted absolute pressure sensors to study the very aeroacoustic source mechanisms, of advanced acoustic-data acquisition systems for the radiated noise, of non-intrusive flow visualization as well as flow and blade deflection measurement techniques to investigate the rotor wake and the blade dynamic response has provided much insight into the physics of rotor aeroacoustics, particularly into the rotor blade-vortex interaction (BVI) impulsive noise phenomenon. In efforts towards controlling BVI impulsive noise, in some research projects, active blade-root control techniques have been investigated to favorably affect the BVI geometry and thus minimize the impulsive noise radiation. Much of the experimental data acquired served as benchmark information to enhance the mathematical modeling of the rotor wake, the rotor airloads, and the noise radiation. In this lecture, several major European helicopter aeroacoustic research projects are discussed.