Abstract

The aim of this paper is to review and compare present European and Indian grid code requirements imposed to hybrid power plants (HPPs) combining wind, solar and storage technologies. Since there are no grid codes specifically for HPPs, the paper will review grid codes for the power plant based on individual renewable technology in the HPP. European grid codes specifies ranges for parameters inside which each national transmission system operators (TSO) has to specify the set of national parameters (Danish specifications in this paper). The comparisons are performed with respect to fault-ride-through capability, frequency and voltage operation ranges, active power control/frequency support as well as reactive power control/voltage support.

Highlights

  • Nowadays, the globally increased environmental concern and the hasty need for fossil free electricity generation is leading the energy systems to install and even combine more and more wind and solar power generations

  • In order to accommodate the fast growth of renewable energy sources (RES) integration and improve the power system efficiency and reliability, without being limited by grid reinforcement, one option is to combine wind and solar generations to optimally utilise the electrical grid infrastructure, while increasing the share of renewables in the power system leading to development of hybrid power plants (HPP)

  • This paper has provided a thorough insight and understanding of the requirements imposed today to individual technologies present inside utility scale HPPs by reviewing and comparing the Indian and European grid codes, the last one being exemplified through the Danish

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Summary

Introduction

The globally increased environmental concern and the hasty need for fossil free electricity generation is leading the energy systems to install and even combine more and more wind and solar power generations. Perspective, the idea to combine wind, solar and storage can enable the entrance into a new potential market for wind power [1], facilitating additional revenue possibilities, i.e., ancillary services throughout the year or even create a standalone grid for dedicated demand in case of certain grid outages These benefits, among others [2,3], have increased the focus on development of utility scale wind hybrid power plants (HPPs) all over the world. The combination of different technologies with various capabilities and nature, such as wind, solar and storage inside utility scale HPPs, as an important trend in the global transition towards fossil free electricity generation, poses several challenges related to the security and reliability of the power systems’ operation.

Utility Scale Renewable HPP
Comparison between European and Indian Grid Codes
Frequency and Voltage Operational Ranges
49.5–49.90 Hz and
Active Power Control
Active Power Frequency Response
Ramp Rate
Reactive Power Control
Reactive Power Capability
Reactive Power Control Modes
Findings
Discussion and Conclusions
Full Text
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