Abstract
An integrated Eulerian–Lagrangian method has been proposed to simulate liquid jet in supersonic flow. The carrier fluid surrounding the liquid droplets is described by multicomponent Navier–Stokes equations based on stationary (Eulerian) Cartesian grid, and the Lagrangian-discrete droplet method is employed to represent the behavior of atomized droplets in this work. A total of three classic breakup models, Taylor analogy breakup model, Reitz wave model, and Kelvin–Helmholtz/Rayleigh–Taylor hybrid model, are discussed under supersonic conditions, and model predictions are compared to experimental data through multiple perspectives quantitatively. More accurate predictions of liquid penetration, as well as droplet size distribution, can be achieved for specific conditions with Kelvin–Helmholtz/Rayleigh–Taylor hybrid model comparing to other breakup models. Additionally, a statistical injection model has been introduced to depict droplet dispersion in the near-nozzle region. The probability density function is utilized to predict the size and position of the injected droplet, and the four commonly used probability density functions, uniform, chi-squared, Nukiyama–Tanasawa, and Rosin–Rammler, are analyzed. The influence of statistical representation of injection condition is discussed. The simulation results indicate that the random components in the velocity and droplet size of the injected droplets have a significant impact on the structure of the liquid jet in high-speed flow.
Highlights
A liquid jet flow injected into high-speed gaseous crossflows is one of the most widely used techniques for fuel–air atomization enhancement and mixing augmentation in propulsion systems such as the internal combustion engine, the liquid rocket engine, and the scramjet.[1]
The K-H model is applied immediately after the injection region to provide the aerodynamic instabilities that will begin to grow on the droplet surface, which shear off smaller secondary droplets from the parent droplet surface compared to Reitz wave model and result in earlier breakup and lead to a shorter liquid penetration height
An integrated Eulerian–Lagrangian method is proposed in this work which mainly emphasizes influences on numerical results when different breakup models and different statistical injection models are employed
Summary
A liquid jet flow injected into high-speed gaseous crossflows is one of the most widely used techniques for fuel–air atomization enhancement and mixing augmentation in propulsion systems such as the internal combustion engine, the liquid rocket engine, and the scramjet.[1] The understanding of procedures of fuel spray is a great challenge in liquid injection for practical applications. The procedure of these propulsion systems involves a number of complex, closely coupled physical and chemical processes, which include transient threedimensional liquid atomization mixing with multicomponent gases and fuel combustion. An accurate prediction of liquid fuel spray process is necessary for better producing reliable engine performances
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