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Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary trans fatty acids (TFA) on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) development, in 90 pregnant and 97 non-pregnant women, who were recruited between 1996 and 1999, in the South-West of France. The contents of TFA in total lipids, cholesteryl esters (CE) and total phospholipids (TPL) of the women’s plasma, were determined using a combination of thin layer chromatography and capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Results indicate that the mean content of total TFA in plasma total lipids, expressed as proportion of all fatty acids, was 0.7%, with trans 18:1 being the most prevalent isomers (67%), followed by trans 18:2 (25%) and trans 16:1 (8%). Trans 18:3 isomers were undetectable. In TPL, the TFA accounted for 0.7% of total fatty acids, whereas in CE, the mean TFA level was twice (0.3%) as lower than in TPL. Moreover, these TFA were mainly represented by trans 18:1 isomers in TPL, and by trans 18:2 isomers in CE. Furthermore, there was no evidence of significant correlations between concentrations of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the TFA percentage in either adipose tissue or plasma. Overall, based on these results, it appears that the TFA intake level of French population does not induce an increase of CHD risk.
Highlights
In total phospholipids (TPL), the trans fatty acids (TFA) accounted for 0.7% of total fatty acids, whereas in cholesteryl esters (CE), the mean TFA level was twice (0.3%) as lower than in TPL
Nos résultats concordent par ailleurs avec ceux d'une autre étude [31] qui montrent que, parmi les différents isomères trans de l'acide linolénique présents en position sn-2 de PC, seul l'isomère 18:3 9c12c15t est transféré au niveau des EC
Ce travail a bénéficié du soutien financier de la Chambre syndicale de la margarinerie (CSM), de l'Organisation nationale interprofessionnelle des oléagineux (ONIDOL), de la Société interprofessionnelle des oléagineux (SIDO), du Syndicat général des fabricants d'huile et de tourteaux de France (SCGHTF) et d'une convention CIFRE (n° 538/96)
Summary
Compte tenu de ces objectifs, le protocole suivi pour l'analyse du plasma sanguin (figure 1) des deux populations de femmes (parturientes et non-parturientes) a été le suivant :. - d'une part, les lipides totaux du plasma ont été extraits par la méthode de Folch et al [27], puis les EC et les phospholipides totaux (PLT) plasmatiques ont été isolés, à partir de cet « extrait de Folch », par chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM). Les lipides totaux du plasma ainsi que les PLT et les EC ont été convertis en esters méthyliques correspondants, selon la méthode de Morrison et Smith [28], puis analysés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (CPG) afin d'en étudier la composition en AGT ;.
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