Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Disodium Salt Acts as an Antifungal Candidate Molecule against Fusarium graminearum by Inhibiting DON Biosynthesis and Chitin Synthase Activity.

Xiu-Shi Song,Mingguo Zhou,Kai-Xin Gu,Jian-Xin Wang,Shao-Chen Ding,Jing Gao

doi:10.3390/toxins13010017

Xiu-Shi Song, Mingguo Zhou + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010017

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Journal: Toxins	Publication Date: Dec 27, 2020
Citations: 10	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Nanjing Agricultural University

Abstract

Fusarium fungi are the cause of an array of devastating diseases affecting yield losses and accumulating mycotoxins. Fungicides can be exploited against Fusarium and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. However, Fusarium resistance to common chemicals has become a therapeutic challenge worldwide, which indicates that new control agents carrying different mechanisms of action are desperately needed. Here, we found that a nonantibiotic drug, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTANa2), exhibited various antifungal activities against Fusarium species and DON biosynthesis. The infection of wheat seeding caused by F. graminearum was suppressed over 90% at 4 mM EDTANa2. A similar control effect was observed in field tests. Mycotoxin production assays showed DON production was significantly inhibited, 47% lower than the control, by 0.4 mM EDTANa2. In vitro experiments revealed a timely inhibition of H2O2 production as quickly as 4 h after amending cultures with EDTANa2 and the expression of several TRI genes significantly decreased. Chitin synthases of Fusarium were Mn2+-containing enzymes that were strongly inhibited by Mn2+ deficiency. EDTANa2 inhibited chitin synthesis and destroyed the cell wall and cytomembrane integrity of Fusarium, mainly via the chelation of Mn2+ by EDTANa2, and thus led to Mn deficiency in Fusarium cells. Taken together, these findings uncover the potential of EDTANa2 as a fungicide candidate to manage Fusarium head blight (FHB) and DON in agricultural production.

Highlights

Fusarium is a globally important genus of fungal pathogens, responsible for many devastating diseases of plants and various serious diseases of humans [1,2]
The mycelial growth and morphology with the 0.3, 0.45, 0.6 mM sodium ion treatments showed no difference from the control group, indicating that the sodium ions had no effect on Fusarium growth at a concentration less than 0.6 mM
Ameliorated by Mn change in electrical conductivity reflects the change in the cell membrane permeability of our data showed that the relative conductivity was signifIn order to find out the mechanism of inhibiting effect of EDTANaof2, hypha we examined the icantly increased by 2 treatment effect of the saturation of EDTANa2 (0.15 mM) by the addition of excess cations

Summary

Introduction

Fusarium is a globally important genus of fungal pathogens, responsible for many devastating diseases of plants and various serious diseases of humans [1,2]. Fusarium species are widely present in soil, plants and other organic substrates and have widespread distributions [3]. Species such as Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium verticillioides can infect many crop plants, vegetables and flowers [2,4,5,6,7,8]. One of the major diseases caused by Fusarium is Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is becoming more and more serious recently and causing concern. FHB results in yield loss and damaging of cereal grains [9,10]. DON is a mycotoxin virulence factor that promotes growth of the F. graminearum fungus in wheat floral tissues [13]

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