Abstract
Disulfiram (Alcophobin, Antabuse) is widely used in alcoholism-control programs. First noted for its effects on workers in a rubber plant, its toxicity in the presence of ethyl alcohol was explored by Hald et al. 1 It acts by inhibiting cytoplasmic and mitochondrial dehydrogenases in the liver, thereby interfering with the ethanol-acetaldehyde-acetic acid pathway. Normally given orally, problems with patient compliance stimulated disulfiram implants, but thus far these have enjoyed doubtful success. 2 The drug continues to be the mainstay of the small antialcohol pharmaceutical armamentarium. Ethylene dibromide (EDB; 1,2-dibromethane) is widely used as a lead scavenger in leaded fuels. It is also used as a fumigantinsecticide or nematocide, as a synthetic intermediate, and is contained in numerous pesticides. However, it is because of its chemical role in tetraethyl-lead—Containing mixtures that production reached approximately 149 million kg in 1973. With publication of several toxicity studies, an employee exposure standard of 20
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