Ethnopharmacology Through Time: Tracing the Utilization of Folk Medicines in Malakand Division

Abstract

This study explores ethnopharmacology through time in Malakand Division by revealing the historical and contemporary use of folk medicines. Malakand region serves as a gateway to various districts and tribal areas and possesses a cultural and archaeological heritage from ancient civilizations to the present day. Employing an interdisciplinary approach involving anthropology, pharmacology, and botany, the research traces historical footprints of medicinal plant use across diverse cultures. Approximately 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medicines and is facing challenges of over-exploitation of medicinal plant resources. Pakistan's diverse climates offer a wealth of medicinal herbs. The mixed-method methodology combines qualitative and quantitative techniques, revealing the persistence of ancient medical practices. The results showcase 48 herbal remedies associated with 46 plant species, emphasizing the integral role of plant-based treatments in the local healthcare system. Specific remedies for various ailments, along with a percentage distribution of plant parts used in remedies, highlight the versatility and resilience of plant-based medicine in the region. This exploration through time uncovers the untold stories of plant-based remedies and underscores the potential of traditional knowledge in addressing contemporary healthcare challenges.