Ethical underpinnings and social work: a case study on the role of Buddhist compassion in Cambodian sustainable development

Abstract

ABSTRACT This preliminary study explores the role of Buddhist compassion-based practices within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework focusing on a Theravada Buddhist Pagoda in Siem Reap Cambodia. Employing a grounded theory approach within a triangulated methodology, data was analyzed from over 30 participant observations and 12 in-depth interviews with local religious leaders, non-governmental organization (NGO) leaders and, community members. Findings suggest that Buddhist ethical principles significantly impact Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to Good Health and Well-being (SDG 3), Quality Education (SDG 4), Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10), and Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions (SDG 16), notably improving community health and educational outcomes. The study examines the complex interactions between Buddhist practices, sustainable development, geopolitical challenges, and educational and social welfare in monasteries illustrating their integration into Cambodia’s socio-political context. The Cambodian political system, characterized by its constitutional monarchy and single-party dominance, directly influences the integration of religious practices into public policy highlighting the intersection of politics and religion in shaping development outcomes. Additionally, this study highlights the challenges of aligning donor expectations with authentic compassionate actions and stresses the need for integrity and authenticity in humanitarian efforts. The integration of Buddhist compassion into development strategies fosters inclusive community development and enriches the global dialogue on sustainable development suggesting a culturally coherent and geopolitically informed approach. This preliminary research highlights the influence of religious ethics in shaping development strategies in the “Global South” and recommends further investigation into their applicability across other regions facing similar challenges.