Ethical Review of Relation Between Formal and Informal Leaders in Building National Resilience in Bondowoso Regency, East Java

Abstract

<p class="Abstract">What is meant by national resilience? National resilience is
 a dynamic condition of all aspects of national life that contains tenacity,
 strength, and toughness with the ability to develop national strength to face
 and overcome all threats, challenges, obstacles, and disturbances, both coming
 from within and outside the country, directly or indirectly. Endangering the
 integrity, identity, and survival of the nation, and the struggle to achieve
 national goals. National resilience is a fundamental need that must be pursued
 so that a nation continues to exist. Indonesia's national security has
 experienced disruption in the form of the Covid-19 pandemic. Bondowoso Regency
 responded in various ways to face and anticipate possible obstacles in the
 future. Of course, these efforts cannot be separated from the roles of leaders.
 Leaders play an important role in mobilizing and optimizing the resilience
 potential that exists in society. In Bondowoso, where the majority of the
 population is Madurese, there are at least two types of leaders: formal and
 informal. Formal and informal leaders in Bondowoso Regency actually have good
 relations with each other, synergize, and collaborate. Like Madurese society in
 general, the Bondowoso people have local wisdom in the form of a hierarchy of
 leaders that must be obeyed, and formal leaders such as the government are in
 fourth place. This article focuses on an ethical review of the relationship
 between formal and informal leaders in building strong community resilience. The
 model of good relations between leaders in society can be a model for building
 national resilience that can be imitated by other ethnic groups in Indonesia,
 because in various ethnic groups in Indonesia, there are two types of leaders:
 formal and informal.<o:p></o:p></p>