Abstract
BackgroundThis study is aimed at identifying the anti-inflammatory properties of 70% ethanol extract produced from an edible brown seaweed Sargassum horneri (SJB-SHE) with industrial-scale production by Seojin Biotech Co. Ltd. S. horneri is a rich source of nutrient and abundantly growing along the shores of Jeju, South Korea.MethodsHere, we investigated the effect of SJB-SHE on LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The cytotoxicity and NO production of SJB-SHE were evaluated using MTT and Griess assays, respectively. Additionally, protein expression and gene expression levels were quantified using ELISA, Western blots, and RT-qPCR.ResultsOur results indicated that pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with SJB-SHE significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production. SJB-SHE downregulated the proteins and genes expression of LPS-induced iNOS and COX2. Additionally, SJB-SHE downregulated LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β). Furthermore, SJB-SHE inhibited nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and translocation to the nucleus. SJB-SHE also suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/2 and JNK).ConclusionsCollectively, our results demonstrated that SJB-SHE has a potential anti-inflammatory property to use as a functional food ingredient in the future.
Highlights
This study is aimed at identifying the anti-inflammatory properties of 70% ethanol extract produced from an edible brown seaweed Sargassum horneri (SJB-SHE) with industrial-scale production by Seojin Biotech Co
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a protein complex, involved in the transcription of number of genes related to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and has been demonstrated to play central role in the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) from different cells (Merchant et al 2017; Mulgund et al 2015)
Antibodies against iNOS, COX2, p50, p-p50, p65, p-p65, β-actin, nucleolin, Extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK) 1/2, p-ERK 1/2, c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p-JNK were purchased from cell signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA)
Summary
This study is aimed at identifying the anti-inflammatory properties of 70% ethanol extract produced from an edible brown seaweed Sargassum horneri (SJB-SHE) with industrial-scale production by Seojin Biotech Co. Ltd. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a protein complex, involved in the transcription of number of genes related to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and has been demonstrated to play central role in the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) from different cells (Merchant et al 2017; Mulgund et al 2015). Upon the activation, NF-κB proteins undergo the phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus. Sargassum horneri (Sargassaceae, Fucales, Phaeophyta) is an edible brown seaweed, abundant worldwide in shallow sea-water ecosystems (Herath et al 2019; Kim et al 2018).
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