Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of the ethanolic extract of galangal (Alpinia galanga) on degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cells in the kidney proximal tubules of male mice (Mus musculus) exposed to lead acetate. Objective: This was a pure experimental laboratory study using a completely randomized approach/randomized posttest only control group design. Twenty-five male mice (Mus musculus) were divided into five treatment groups: negative control (K-) received 0.5% CMC Na and aquades, positive control (K+) received induction of 20 mg/kgBW lead acetate for 20 days, and P1, P2, and P3 groups received oral administration of galangal ethanol extract from day 1 to day 24 as preventive measures with successive doses of (P1) 200 mg/kgBW, (P2) 400 mg/kgBW, and (P3) 800 mg/kgBW, respectively. Lead acetate administration at a dose of 20 mg/kgBW started from day 4 to day 24. On the 25th day, all groups were sacrificed, and kidney tissues were harvested for histopathological examination using the scoring method. Histopathological data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U test to compare differences between groups. Results: The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant increase in degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the kidney proximal tubules of male mice (Mus musculus) exposed to lead acetate (p < 0.05). Administration of galangal ethanol extract significantly reduced degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells (p < 0.05). The highest dose of galangal ethanol extract (800 mg/kg BW) exhibited a significant decrease in degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells (p < 0.05), comparable to the normal condition (K-). Conclusion: Administration of ethanol extract of galangal (Alpinia galanga) effectively prevented lead acetate-induced degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the kidney proximal tubules of male mice (Mus musculus).
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