Abstract
BackgroundRecent research has suggested that autophagy can provide a better mechanism for inducing cell death than current therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the effects of using an ethanol extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich (ECZ) to induce apoptosis and autophagy associated with reliable signal pathways in mouse colon cancer CT-26 cells.MethodsUsing ECZ on mouse colon cancer CT-26 cells, cell viability, annexin V/propidium iodide staining, acridine orange staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and western blotting were assayed.ResultsECZ exhibited cytotoxicity in CT-26 cells in a dose-dependent manner. ECZ induced apoptosis was confirmed by caspase-3 activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, it was shown that ECZ induced autophagy via the increased conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3II, the degradation of p62, and the formation of acidic vesicular organelles. The inhibition of ROS production by N-Acetyl-L-cysteine resulted in reduced ECZ-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, the inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine resulted in enhanced ECZ-induced apoptosis via increased ROS generation.ConclusionThese findings confirmed that ECZ induced ROS-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Therefore, ECZ may serve as a novel potential chemotherapeutic candidate for colon cancer.
Highlights
Recent research has suggested that autophagy can provide a better mechanism for inducing cell death than current therapeutic strategies
The results showed that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by extracts of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich (ECZ) may offer a therapeutic strategy to improve the treatment of colon cancer through the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis
ECZ inhibited proliferation and triggered apoptosis in mouse colon cancer CT-26 cells We examined the impact on cell viability of mouse colon cancer CT-26 cells to ECZ
Summary
Recent research has suggested that autophagy can provide a better mechanism for inducing cell death than current therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the effects of using an ethanol extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich (ECZ) to induce apoptosis and autophagy associated with reliable signal pathways in mouse colon cancer CT-26 cells. Autophagy is a catabolic process which involves the degradation of the large protein complexes and dysfunctional organelles. These components are sequestered and transported to lysosomes for degradation as a cytoprotective mechanism [4]. When cellular stress is extensive, autophagy acts degradation and recycling of process by the accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) through an alternative cell-death pathway as cytotoxic function
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