Abstract
This paper presents a new routing protocol called Secure and Energy Aware Routing Protocol (ETARP) designed for energy efficiency and security for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). ETARP attempts to deal with WSN applications operating in extreme environments such as the battlefield. The key part of the routing protocol is route selection based on utility theory. The concept of utility is a novel approach to simultaneously factor energy efficiency and trustworthiness of routes in the routing protocol. ETARP discovers and selects routes on the basis of maximum utility with incurring additional cost in overhead compared to the common AODV (Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector) routing protocol. Simulation results show that, in comparison to previously proposed routing protocols, namely, AODV-EHA and LTB-AODV (Light-Weight Trust-Based Routing Protocol), the proposed ETARP can keep the same security level while achieving more energy efficiency for data packet delivery.
Highlights
Ad hoc networks are self-configuring wireless networks of mobile devices without a fixed infrastructure, and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a type of ad hoc networks consisting of wirelessly interconnected sensor nodes
For soldier detection and tracking (SDT), unattended acoustic and seismic sensors are deployed at specific points to detect the approach of enemy soldiers in order to protect military sites or buildings [2]
We introduced the Efficient Trust-Aware Routing Protocol (ETARP) routing protocol for WSN applications operating in extreme environments usually for military use, such as SDT and antisubmarine warfare (ASW)
Summary
Ad hoc networks are self-configuring wireless networks of mobile devices without a fixed infrastructure, and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a type of ad hoc networks consisting of wirelessly interconnected sensor nodes. Sensors can detect typical sounds made by soldier activities, for example, walking, crawling, weapon handling, and talking, at a distance Another example of interest here is littoral antisubmarine warfare (ASW) that utilizes small and low cost sensors equipped with passive or active sonar, which can be deployed in large numbers (hundreds or thousands) to provide a high density sensor field to detect enemy submarines [3]. An essential component of the routing protocol is a new method to estimate energy consumption for packet forwarding. Another essential element is a Bayesian network to judge the probability of each node being compromised (or introduce a reputation or trust).
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