Theory and Applications of Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

In ad hoc mobile networks (MANET), the mobility of the modes is a complicated factor that significantly affects the effectiveness and performance of ad hoc routing protocols. In addition, MANET requires the quality of data transmission. Improvement of a routing protocol between communication links provide high quality data transmission. The routing protocol of wireless network exchanges the route information to establish the communication link. The routing algorithms exchanging the path construction and maintenance messages generate a connectivity related dynamic graph representing the topology of the network by a series of messages passes. Using such a data structure, messages can be transmitted over a number of intermediate nodes that interconnect the source with the destination, also known as routing paths or routes. These routing protocols can be classified into reactive or ondemand protocols (1) such as Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) (8) and proactive or table-driven protocols (2), such as Dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) (9Proactive protocols always maintain a route to every possible destination, while reactive protocols are considered to discover and maintain a route to a destination only when a route is demanded. AODV routing protocol uses an on-demand approach for finding routes, that is, a route is established only when it is required by a source node for transmitting data packets. It employs destination sequence numbers to identify the most recent path. The major difference between AODV and DSR stems out from the fact that DSR uses source routing in which a data packet carries the complete path to be traversed. However, in AODV, the source node and the intermediate nodes store the next-hop information corresponding to each flow for data packet transmission. The major difference between AODV and other on-demand routing protocols is that it uses a destination sequence number to determine an up-to-date path to the destination. In a mobile environment, reactive routing protocols have more advantages than proactive routing protocols since reactive routing protocols exchange routing information only when a path is required by a node to communicate with a destination. On the contrary, proactive routing protocol exchanges routing information in order to maintain the global topology information whenever one of path information is required to update triggered by the node movement. The performance analysis for proactive and reactive routing protocols has been explored in the last decade. To realize the real environment, the selection of the mobile pattern and the size of nodes are key element of simulation. Marinoni et al. (3) discussed routing protocol performance in a realistic environment. New mobility model has introduced and installed in