Estudio de asociación entre enfermedades sistémicas y el fracaso de implantes dentales

Abstract

Since the beginning of oral implant surgery it has been recommended to exclude or limit certain patients with health issues or smoking habits. The chronic non-communicable diseases are not considered an absolute contraindication to the use of oral implants, but the type of disease should be evaluated in detail, as a potential risk that could affect the process of osseointegration.There are certain systemic conditions, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism, as well as the habit of smoking, that affect the success, survival or failure of the implants. The purpose of the investigation is to determine whether there is an association between the failure of dental implants and systemic diseases in the population of patients undergoing dental implant surgery of San José de Santiago de Chile Hospital.We conducted a retrospective observational study and the variables studied were systemic diseases (osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes, and hypothyroidism) and the criteria used to assess the health of implants were those of the International Congress of Oral Implantology of Pisa, where “failure” is the term used for implants requiring removal or that were already lost. These variables were recorded from the clinical record and during a clinical examination, in a data collection sheet. This allowed to describe variables and their distribution, and then to analyze the data to find statistically valid evidence. For this study we can conclude that the analysis of each of the variables such as systemic hypertension or ASA II, have an association with the failure of dental implants, but not osteoporosis, hypothyroidism, diabetes, age, nutritional status, gender and cigarette smoking.