Abstract
This paper analyzes the competition pattern, prices and market structure of the Brazilian civil aviation market, taking as reference a supply and demand of seats on the domestic road. The concentration indicators CRN (4...8) and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) are used as methodological procedures. The Averag Movente Integrated Autoregressive Model was adopted to perform a seasonal analysis of the tariff prices. The results show that a small group of airlines, signaling an oligopoly market. In view of the oligopolistic structure, it was observed that the firms' competition strategies are associated with the expansion of the supply and passenger capacity, often evidenced by the concentration of the air network and increases in the central airport lanes. The analysis of seasonality showed a greater effect on the series of tariffs for the months of July and March. An analysis of the intervention carried out pointed out the month of July 2010 as a significant point, when ANAC's quality control Resolution comes into effect, suggesting that government regulation exerts influence on the adaptive strategies of firms.
Highlights
This paper analyzes the competition pattern, prices and market structure of the Brazilian civil aviation market, taking as reference a supply and demand of seats on the domestic road
The Averag Movente Integrated Autoregressive Model was adopted to perform a seasonal analysis of the tariff prices
In view of the oligopolistic structure, it was observed that the firms' competition strategies are associated with the expansion of the supply and passenger capacity, often evidenced by the concentration of the air network and increases in the central airport lanes
Summary
O mercado de aviação civil comercial passou por inúmeras transformações desde a década de 1990, em que ocorreu a desregulamentação tarifária do setor e a ampliação da malha aérea. Com a adoção do sistema de escalas e conexões (hub-and-spoke) o mercado brasileiro de aviação ampliou a oferta de voos para os trechos de longo alcance, dantes inacessíveis às companhias aéreas regionais e aos aeroportos do interior. Objetiva identificar o grau de concentração do mercado brasileiro de aviação civil, referenciando-se em variáveis de estrutura, como oferta assentos e demanda por passageiros. O argumento traçado é que o mercado brasileiro de aviação civil encontra-se estruturado sob uma dinâmica oligopolista, de forma que a concentração espacial e econômica da oferta de assentos nos voos domésticos é adotada como uma estrategia adaptativa das firmas, com a finalidade de se sustentarem no mercado e desesenvolverem barreiras à entrada nos mercados locais, a exemplo dos aeroportos de ponte aérea. Finalmente, a sexta e última seção esboça as considerações finais e as conclusões do trabalho
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