Abstract
Insulin is the main treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus and a therapeutic option in type 2 diabetic patient. In gestational diabetes, and other special conditions (for example, diabetes following pancreatectomy), insulin is the treatment of choice, too. In order to make the patient euglycemic the most of the time, we have basal and prandial insulins, as well as prefixed mixtures, which control both fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose. Continuous subcutaneous insulin-infusion pumps, is other therapeutic option for type 1 diabetic patient, whose advantages in selected and trained patients, are metabolic control and to lower the risk of hypoglycemia. Insulin allergy is the only absolute contraindication for this treatment; synthetic insulin is reducing this disorder. Taking into account insulin is metabolized and excreted by liver and kidney, respectively, kidney and liver failure have to be taken into account in insulin dose adjustment. Hypoglycemia is the main adverse effect. Nowadays, local adverse effects caused by subcutaneous administration are less frequent. In diabetic patient, health training is key, mainly in those where insulin is being used.
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