Abstract
Erbil city located, in the northern part of Iraq, within the central basin of Erbil plain which covers an area about 1400 Km2 where Erbil city area measures about 70 Km2, is located between latitudes (36ᵒ 08 30̋ - 36ᵒ 14 15̋) north and longitudes (43 ° 57 '30 "- 44 ° 03' 20") east, The rocks exposures at the central Erbil plain date back to the (Upper Miocene-Recent) and this includes Ingana, Muqdadiya, Bai Hassan formations as well as Quaternary deposits. Tectonically, the studied area is located within Chumchamal-Butma Subzone at the area of the foothills. The movement of the groundwater in the study area is from the east to the west. Depending on the climatic data recorded in Erbil station for the period (1980-2016) shows that the total falling rain was (418.0) mm, and the temperature (15.81 ° C), relative humidity (29.96%), wind speed (1.94 m / s), solar brightness (8.28 hours / day) and the total evaporation from free surfaces was (1674.8 mm) the prevailing climate in the region is moist-humid to moist. corrected potential evapotranspiration was calculated theoretically apply Thornthwaite method where she was value 734.58 mm, was also calculate the water surplus , which accounted for 79.18% divided into surface runoff and its value 39.36 mm and Groundwater Recharge 87.82 while the water deficit represents 20.82% of the annual rainfall as the annual recharge rate was calculated for Erbil Central Basin and is reached 122.94 × 106 m3/year.
Highlights
Erbil basin is plain divided into three secondary basins: Kapran basin in the north and the central basin which includes Erbil city and Bash Tepa basin in the south
Re = 87.82 / 418 × 100 = 21.01% From the application of water balance calculations depending on monthly averages of rainfall and potential evapotranspiration for the period (1980 - 2016) we notes that the total annual rainfall reached (418 mm) is achieved from a water surplus (330.98) mm divided into surface runoff value of (39.36) mm and rate of annual rainfall (9.41%) and groundwater recharge
This study showed that there is a water surplus of (79.18%) of the total rainfall (418 mm) based on the water balance
Summary
Erbil basin is plain divided into three secondary basins: Kapran basin in the north and the central basin which includes Erbil city and Bash Tepa basin in the south. It is bounded on the upper and lower Zab River from the northwest and southeast respectively. The climatic data for the study area which covered the period (1980-2016) of Erbil meteorological station was drawn from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization [4], in order to determine the monthly mean values of climatic parameters, as shown in Table 1 and Figure 3.
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