Abstract
The Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible (TUV) model, version 4.2 developed by Madronich (2003) was used to estimate the extent of ultraviolet (UV) exposure of general population in Croatia over the summer. Solar noon values (13 h local time, CEST) of the ultraviolet index (UVI) for the period April to October 2004 were calculated for 61 cities in Croatia. The results showed that the risk of sunburn at 13 h local time in clear weather was high between April and September (UVI > 7) and very high in July (UVI > 10). In July, the UVI exceeded 8 between 11 h and 15 h local time. In this study, we developed a simple approximate formula to estimate UVI. The formula includes data on the time, date, altitude and clouds. The difference between our estimate and the TUV model for the summer months of June, July and August at 10 h to 16 h local time was less than 10%.
Highlights
The Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible (TUV) model, version 4.2 developed by Madronich (2003) was used to estimate the extent of ultraviolet (UV) exposure of general population in Croatia over the summer
The aim of this study was to estimate the extent of UV exposure of Croatian general population using a radiative transfer model known as the Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible Model (TUV)
Dose rates and UV indices were calculated for 61 sites in Croatia (Figure 1) with corresponding data on longitude, latitude and altitude
Summary
The Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible (TUV) model, version 4.2 developed by Madronich (2003) was used to estimate the extent of ultraviolet (UV) exposure of general population in Croatia over the summer. The difference between our estimate and the TUV model for the summer months of June, July and August at 10 h to 16 h local time was less than 10 %. The effect of UV radiation on a biological specimen is determined by spectral irradiance, Iλ (W m-2 nm-1) delivered to the surface of a biological body and the duration of exposure, T. Total exposure E (J m-2) is calculated as a time integral of the spectral irradiance according to the equation [1]. For a given photobiological process, the wavelength dependence of the relative spectral effectiveness Sλ is the action spectrum (3). To express biological effectiveness of UV radiation at various wavelengths for a particular biological process it is necessary to weight spectral irradiance with the action spectrum. The time integral of the irradiance is called radiant exposure or radiant dose Eeff (J m-2) (3)
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