Estimation of urinary 24-hour sodium excretion in young Saudi professional soccer players

Abstract

Aim: to estimate 24-hour urinary sodium concentration in young Saudi professional soccer players by using a single spot urine. Method: a cross sectional study design, conducted during the official Saudi Soccer League 2015/2016. A total of 25 players from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia participated in this study. Age, weight, height, body fat % and single urine sample were collected pre-training day. Sodium (Na) and creatinine (Cr) were analyzed. Estimation of 24-hour sodium and creatinine were calculated by the Kawasaki formula: 16.3 × [spot urine Na (mmol/l)/spot urine Cr (mmol/l) × estimated 24-hour urinary Cr (mg)0.5, and -4.72 ×age + 8.58 × weight (kg) + 5.09 × height (cm) – 79.9. A descriptive and Pearson correlation data analysis were used. Result: estimation of 24h sodium (27.1 mEq/L/24h) was lower than reference range. Strong relationship between anthropometric measurements (i.e., weight, height, % body fat) creatinine 24-h estimation. Age shows a strong relationship with sodium. The current study found a poor of estimation for 24-h urinary sodium concentration by using a single spot urine among soccer players. Conclusion: using single spot urine has shown a poor estimation of sodium in athletes population. However, future studies for collection of multiple spot urine samples methods in the estimation of 24-h urine Na is warranted.