Abstract
The thaumasite sulfate attack (TSA) on tunnel concrete structure has been reported increasingly in the past decades. Previous investigations on the formation of thaumasite were focused on identifying the deterioration products and reaction mechanisms, while the occurrence time of TSA on tunnel concrete structures was not reported. A highway tunnel exposed to TSA was reported in the present study. The development of tunnel diseases and results of experimental tests conducted in the tunnel and in the laboratory were analyzed to investigate the occurrence time of TSA on concrete. Results revealed that the thaumasite was formed in a range of 18 to 36 months after the construction of Dugongling tunnel. The preconditions for the formation of thaumasite on tunnel concrete structures are available in Shanxi Province, China, due to the special conditions of stratum lithology and climate. The compositions of corrosion products of lining concrete under TSA varied for site studies and for laboratory tests. Site investigations on TSA on tunnel lining concrete should be paid more attention in further research.
Highlights
Advances in Civil Engineering indirect formation, the thaumasite is formed through the reaction among ettringite which forms first, C-S-H, carbonate, and water [15]
thaumasite sulfate attack (TSA) on the tunnel concrete lining can cause the degradation of concrete material and a decrease in the integral bearing capacity, and the reduced safety reliability of the tunnel structure after degradation [20, 21]. e occurrence of TSA has been reported for tunnel concrete structures in Germany, Norway, Switzerland, China, Korea, and Austria [22,23,24,25]
The instance of a tunnel concrete structure suffered from TSA in Western China was introduced. e damage of this tunnel was observed for a long time, and experimental tests in the tunnel environment and in the laboratory were conducted to investigate the occurrence time of TSA on the tunnel concrete
Summary
Dugongling tunnel is located in Pingshun County, Shanxi Province, China, with a design velocity of 80 km/h. e tunnel is a double-route tunnel and the distance between the two route is 27 m. e total length of the left tunnel and the right tunnel are 2474 m and 2515 m, respectively. e maximum buried depth of tunnel is approximately 231 m. E construction of Dugongling tunnel was started in March 2010 and completed in December 2011 Tunnel diseases such as lining cracks and cable trench movement. E length of the damaged tunnel is 1447 linear meters after about 5 years from the completion of tunnel It is found that the TSA occurred on the tunnel lining concrete
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