Estimation of the average charges of light ions during their penetration through thin carbon films

Abstract

The equilibrium and nonequilibrium average charges of boron, carbon, and nitrogen ions are calculated as functions of the carbon-target thickness in a broad projectile energy range of 0.01 to 10 MeV/nucleon. The calculations are based on a method for determining the electron loss and capture cross sections in solids. The equilibrium target thickness is estimated for different energies of projectile ions.