Abstract
Working within a vineyard in the Pessac Léognan Appellation of Bordeaux, France, this study documents the potential of using simple statistical methods with spatially-resolved and increasingly available electromagnetic induction (EMI) geophysical and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets to accurately estimate Bordeaux vineyard soil classes and to quantitatively explore the relationship between vineyard soil types and grapevine vigor. First, co-located electrical tomographic tomography (ERT) and EMI datasets were compared to gain confidence about how the EMI method averaged soil properties over the grapevine rooting depth. Then, EMI data were used with core soil texture and soil-pit based interpretations of Bordeaux soil types (Brunisol, Redoxisol, Colluviosol and Calcosol) to estimate the spatial distribution of geophysically-identified Bordeaux soil classes. A strong relationship (r = 0.75, p < 0.01) was revealed between the geophysically-identified Bordeaux soil classes and NDVI (both 2 m resolution), showing that the highest grapevine vigor was associated with the Bordeaux soil classes having the largest clay fraction. The results suggest that within-block variability of grapevine vigor was largely controlled by variability in soil classes, and that carefully collected EMI and NDVI datasets can be exceedingly helpful for providing quantitative estimates of vineyard soil and vigor variability, as well as their covariation. The method is expected to be transferable to other viticultural regions, providing an approach to use easy-to-acquire, high resolution datasets to guide viticultural practices, including routine management and replanting.
Highlights
Climate change, extreme weather, wildfire, land-use change, and other disturbances are significantly reshaping interactions between the biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere, including soil–plant interactions that influence water and biogeochemical cycles
This study explores the hypothesis that during the growing season, grapevine vegetation variability within and across vineyard blocks is greatly influenced by soil property variability, and that easy-touse and increasingly available electromagnetic induction (EMI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets can be used to provide quantitative estimates of vineyard soil texture and grapevine vigor, respectively, and their coverability
Working at a Pessac Léognan vineyard south of Bordeaux, a statistical analysis of EMI and soil data was performed to estimate the spatial distribution of Bordeaux soil classes at 2 × 2 m resolution
Summary
Extreme weather, wildfire, land-use change, and other disturbances are significantly reshaping interactions between the biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere, including soil–plant interactions that influence water and biogeochemical cycles. To gain an understanding of soil–plant interactions in both natural and managed ecosystems, and how those interactions may change over time, measurement methods are needed that can provide information about both above and below ground characteristics—with sufficient accuracy, with spatial resolutions relevant to the characteristic lengths scales of soil and plant properties, and over landscape scales. This study explores the value of high resolution surface geophysical and airborne remote sensing data to provide proxy information about soil texture and grapevine vigor (or vegetation biomass), respectively, and to explore the covariability between these soil and plant properties during the growing season. This study is motivated by the need to develop tractable approaches for adequately characterizing vineyard soil properties and their influence on grapevine vigor— in response to increasingly frequent environmental stressors, in high resolution and over scales relevant for guiding management practices
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