Estimation of Propagation Order of Distance Along Random Rough Surface

Abstract

This paper provides a simulation method for estimating propagation order of distance with respect to electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating along random rough surface (RRS). It is assumed that forward scattering is the dominant factor to determine the propagation order of distance as symbolically shown in the line of sight (LOS) region where back scattering always originates from incident wave. First, RRS examples are generated by the convolution method using convolution calculus between the Gaussian spectral and impulse functions. Second, optical rays along RRS are computed by using the ray tracing method based on Dijkstra’s algorithm (DA). Third, propagation orders of distances are statistically calculated by using the traced rays along RRS weighted with the newly introduced coefficients for multiple diffractions. The weighting function is derived from the asymptotic form of the complex type of Fresnel function. Finally, some numerical examples are shown for the propagation order of distance for RRS samples with different parameters such as deviation and correlation length of RRS as well as operating frequency.