Estimation of Heterosis and Heterobeltiosis of F1 Generation of Bread Wheat Genotypes.

Abstract

This study included 10 genotypes of bread wheat, namely M45, Yakora, Giza168, Sids 12, SK95, Misr2, Giemiza 9, Sahel 1, Sids14, and Silano. The genotypes (parents and their single crosses) were cultivated at the research station of the Department of Field Crops of the College of Agriculture University of Kirkuk. During the winter agricultural season (2021-2022) using a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) and with three replications. The performance and hybrid vigour of the genetic compositions were studied based on the average and best parents . The most important results can be summarized as follows: The best performance of the parent (Sids12) was for the traits of the No. of grains. spike-1 (111.409) grains, the weight 1000 grains (42.991)(g), and the single grains yield (60.250) (g) . The hybrid (Sids 12x Sahel 1) showed the highest hybrid vigour for the traits of spike length (22.041) cm, No. of grains. spike-1 (147.835) grains, and single grains yield (96.991) (g). The hybrids (Yakora * Sids 12), (Yakora * Sids14), (Giza168* Sahel 1), (Sids 12* Sahel 1), and (Sids 12* Sids14) also showed significant hybrid vigour, calculated on the basis of deviation from the mean of parents for all the studied traits Days 75 % flowering , No. of tillers plant-1, spike length (cm) , No. of grains spike-1 , weight1000 grains (g) , single grains yield (g) and Biological yield plant-1 (g) , The hybrid (Giemiza 9* Sids14) showed significant hybrid vigour, calculated on the basis of deviation of the first generation from the best parents for all the studied traits Days 75 % flowering, No. of tillers plant-1, spike length (cm), No. of grains spike-1, weight1000grains(g),singlegrainsyield (g) and Biological yield plant-1 (g).