Abstract
We analyze the variance of the electromagnetic-field fluctuations in the case where electromagnetic waves propagate over a smooth sea surface with allowance for the impedance fluctuations caused by foaming. The problem is solved analytically taking into account multiple scattering at small grazing angles. The field is represented in the form of a Lebesgue integral. We obtain an analytical expression for the variance of the complex-field fluctuations in the case of large variance of the disturbance of dielectric properties of the medium boundary. We also estimate the square of the standard deviation of the field magnitude.
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