Estimation of DREB Gene Expression in Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) Introduced to Anbar Governorate Under Water Stress

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Wheat crop is known as one of the domesticated crops and the second-largest crop in the world where cultivated in arid and semi-arid environments. A Field experiment was conducted in Hit city/Qnan region, Anbar governorate that located west of Iraq, during the winter season of 2019/2020 in order to estimate gene expression of 24 wheat genotypes under drought conditions. The experiment included two treatments, the first is wheat genotypes and drought treatment (droughted and Irrigated). A split-plot arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications was used in this experiment where drought treatments occupied the main plots while genotypes were put in the subplots. The results showed that the genotypes responded differently to the treatments according to the measured traits most prominent genotype was 43 which recorded a high expression of DREB 1A gene (221.88-fold) followed by genotypes 39, 24, 6, 28, 25, and 20 at drought treatment. Genotype 6 showed superiority in plant height of 94.78 and 93.39 where the mean did not affect by the interaction of both treatments on the trait, also recorded the highest average for NGS trait around 57.48 grain. spike−1, followed by genotypes 43 gave 56.57 grain. spike−1which also was superior in flag leaf area with high average 35.62 cm2. For the dry weight trait, genotype 29 superior and recorded 666.66 g. m−2. While the genotypes (18, and Al-diyar) were superiors in TGW trait with a higher average attained 56.65, and 55.77 g, respectively. The genotypes did not differ significantly in GY although the genotype 3 and 29 recorded higher mean for GY with 7.39 and 7.29ton ha−1.