Combining Ability Analysis of Half- Cross in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

The study was conducted in one of the fields of Al-Yaramjah region, south of the Mosul city, which is 5 km from the city center for the season (2021-2022). In which five genotypes of wheat were used, which were obtained from the Summit organization (C.I.M.M.Y.T), in addition to an approved local cultivar(Abu Ghraib.) Cultivation was conducted on lines with a length of (2) m, and the distance between one line and another was (30) cm, using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. The study included the following traits: number of days to flowering at (50%) and plant height (cm) The spike length, the flag leaf area, the number of grains / spike, the number of spikes / plant, the biological yield (gm / plant), the grain yield (gm / plant), the weight of 1000 grains, and the harvest index% and the percentage of protein and protein yield, where the analysis of variance table showed that the mean squares of the parents were significant at the level of probability 1%, and the general combining ability was significant at the level of probability 1% and for all studied traits. Except for the trait of the biological yield, where it was significant at the level of probability 5%, and for the Specific combining ability, the mean squares were significant at the level of probability 1%, except for the traits of flag leaf area. The number of spikes per plant and the percentage of protein were significant at the level of probability 5%, while the trait of the number of days to flowering did not reach the limit of statistical significance. The ratio between the components of the general and specific combining ability was less than one for all traits except for the two traits, the number of days to flowering at 50% and the length of the spike and the number of spikes m 2 and the biological yield and protein yield, and we note that the effect of the Specific combining ability was significant and in the desired direction in the hybrid (2x1) for the plant height and the spikes length, the flag leaf area, the number of grains / spikes, the grain yield, the harvest index, the weight of 1000 grains, the percentage of protein, and the protein yield.