Estimation of Chlorophyll–a and Total Suspended Solid Based on Observation and Sentinel-2 Imagery in Coastal Water Teluk Awur, Jepara-Indonesia

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The existence of aquaculture in Marine Science Techno Park (MSTP), Jepara requires good-quality water. Remote sensing is the right solution to conduct routine, cost-effective, and wide-ranging monitoring. This study aims to estimate the Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) values based on Sentinel-2 imagery. The reflectance values used are from Sentinel-2A (http://marine.copernicus.eu/acquisitions on 14 September and 30 October 2022). The TSS estimation algorithm used is a single band (red), while for Chl-a, it uses the sum of four visible bands namely blue, green, red, and near-infrared. The predicted TSS values from the Sentinel-2 ranged from 16.65-144.78 mg/L (average 44.59 mg/L) and Chl-a was 1.65-5.57 µg/L (average 3.35 µg/L) and 0.59 - 5.284 µg/L (average 2.49 µg/L) in September. While the TSS and Chl-a in-situ in October 2022, ranged from 48.80 - 78.20 mg/L (mean 55.81 mg/L) and 0.882 - 4.736 mg/L (average 3.10 mg/L). The performance of the algorithm used in this study is not suitable for implementation in this study regarding the low prediction error estimation values as follows: RMSE, bias, and MAPE values for TSS are 21.17 mg/L, -10.76, and 31.52%, respectively; and for Chl-a are 1.04 µg/L, 0.25, and 35.83%, respectively. Thus, a special algorithm needs to be developed for the coastal waters of Teluk Awur.