Abstract
The growing demand for private and public transport services in urban areas requires sophisticated approaches to achieve satisfactory mobility standards in urban areas. Some of the main problems in urban areas today are road congestions and consequently vehicle emissions. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodological approach for the estimation of vehicle emissions. The proposed methodology is based on two interrelated models. The first model is a microscopic simulation SUMO model which can be used to identify the most congested urban areas and roads with critical values of traffic parameters. The second model is the COPERT Street Level for estimating vehicle emissions. The proposed models were tested on the urban area of Rijeka. The results of the microscopic SUMO simulation model indicate six urban roads with the critical traffic flow parameters. On the basis of the six identified urban roads, an estimation of vehicle emissions was carried out for specific time periods: 2017, 2020, 2025, and 2030. According to the results of the second model, the urban road R20-21 was identified as the most polluted road in the urban district of Rijeka. The results indicate that over the period 2017–2030, CO emissions will be reduced on average by 57% on all observed urban roads, CO2 emissions by 20%, and PM emissions by 58%, while the largest reduction of 65% will be in NOx emissions.
Highlights
The rapid global economic growth together with urban development have led to aggressive urbanization and motorization in many developing countries since 1980, which has contributed significantly to the amount of vehicle-derived air pollution [1].From all transportation systems, road transport is responsible for about 71% of greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions from transport
The results indicate that over the period 2017–2030, Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions will be reduced on average by 57% on all observed urban roads, CO2 emissions by 20%, and Particular Matters (PM) emissions by 58%, while the largest reduction of 65% will be in Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions
The analysis includes the results based on the COPERT methodology and refers to the vehicle emissions of CO, CO2, NOx, and PM on the six selected roads in Rijeka for the period from 2017 to 2030
Summary
The rapid global economic growth together with urban development have led to aggressive urbanization and motorization in many developing countries since 1980, which has contributed significantly to the amount of vehicle-derived air pollution [1].From all transportation systems, road transport is responsible for about 71% of greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions from transport. The rapid global economic growth together with urban development have led to aggressive urbanization and motorization in many developing countries since 1980, which has contributed significantly to the amount of vehicle-derived air pollution [1]. Road transport is responsible for about 71% of greenhouse gas (GHG). Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most significant greenhouse gases, accounting for about 65% of the total GHG emissions [3]. Combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles leads to emissions in road transport, which are one of the most important sources of primary air pollutants [5]. It is well known that fossil fuel combustion generates the main pollutants: Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Oxides (SOx), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), and Particular Matters (PM). According to a review of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary
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