Estimating Driver Behavior Measures Related to Traffic Safety by Investigating 2-Dimensional Uncertain Linguistic Data—A Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach

Danish Farooq,Sarbast Moslem

doi:10.3390/su14031881

Abstract

Human behavior has been estimated as a factor too uncertain and complex to investigate road safety issues. By utilizing recent expansions of ordinary fuzzy sets, experts in the field have intended to handle the vagueness of human behavior in sustainable transport systems by using linguistic terms for assessment. Pythagorean Fuzzy sets (PFSs) are considered a superior method that has been developed for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), which enables assigning of both membership and non-membership functions in a large domain area. A novel Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (PF-AHP) is performed to assess and prioritize critical driver behavior criteria designed into a hierarchical model based on data gathered from observed driver groups in Budapest city. Accordingly, based on the aggregated weights, the criterion ‘lapses’ is prioritized as the most critical factor connected to road safety. The criterion ‘disobey speed limits’ is found to be the least critical factor, followed by ‘disobey overtaking rules’ as the second least. For a comparative analysis, the case of dependent criteria has been considered. Pythagorean Fuzzy DEMATEL method has been applied to determine dependencies between the criteria. Through the dependencies, a network of criteria has been constructed and the Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (ANP) conducted to interpret the results. Moreover, sensitivity analyses have been carried out to examine its robustness by applying different case scenarios.

Highlights

The global road safety report estimates that the annual number of deaths in traffic accidents has reached 1.35 million [1]
The Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (PF-AHP) method can be recommended for all decision support systems in which layman evaluators measure the fundamentals of the decision system, mostly in methods where pairwise comparisons are adopted
For driver Group 1 the application outcomes indicated the criterion ‘errors’ (C3) as the ultimate critical factor connected to road safety for the first level of structure

Summary

Introduction

The global road safety report estimates that the annual number of deaths in traffic accidents has reached 1.35 million [1]. European roads have been declared the safest, with a 19% decrease in road fatalities over the past six years. The strategic goal for sustainable development of halving the number of deaths in traffic accidents between 2010 and 2020 has been achieved, it is worth intending to protect every single life [2]. The performance of Hungary in road safety is below the European Union (EU). On Hungarian roads, 64 people per million inhabitants died in 2018, indicating a. 1% rise compared to the previous year [3]. When the situation analysis of the Road Safety

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