Abstract
To quantify the pollutant load received by a water body is one necessary step to keep its original standards, irrespective to the releasing source. Thus, to monitor and control the amount of pollutants released in a water body assures the water will remain free from excessive pollution. Also, that no harm to human health and the environment will occur. Hence, this paper aims to estimate the pollutant load of sanitary wastewater released by the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN / CNEN-SP) in 2015 and 2016. The analysis of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ba, Ni, Mn, Fe, B and Sn was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). These metals and the total fixed solids were used to estimate the pollutant load. Wastewater flow measurement was carried out using bromide (Br -) as tracer and with the values from IPEN`s annual water consumption. Since 2006, this is performed as part of the Environmental Monitoring Program (PMA-Q). In compliance with the current Brazilian Environmental Legislation and with the Term of Conduct Adjustment requirements, agreed with the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA). Even the pollutants load has increased in 2015 and 2016, the monitoring frequency and water consumption has diminished in the last years. These facts increase the uncertainties in the monitoring and could lead to non-compliances with the monitoring laws.
Highlights
In Brazil wastewater management did not receive the necessary attention until 1960, when the first federal law, dealing with water pollution, was enacted and established a necessity of treatment before wastewater release [1], the development of environmental legislation has begun before it
Flow Rate and Water Consumption The first estimation of IPENs polluting load was carried out by Marques et al, where was determined that IPEN released about 1,064 kg month-1 of pollutant load in 2013 and 2014. This result considered IPENs wastewater flow rate determined by Silva et al and an operating regime of 24h a day and 7 days a week
When compared to the estimated flow rate declared by Marques et al, a significant change is observed in the polluting load results [7]
Summary
In Brazil wastewater management did not receive the necessary attention until 1960, when the first federal law, dealing with water pollution, was enacted and established a necessity of treatment before wastewater release [1], the development of environmental legislation has begun before it. Since 1981, the National Environment Council (CONAMA) has been responsible for regulating the industrial release of wastewater, to control and regulate it as much as possible, to keep water bodies quality. The last CONAMA Resolution regarding wastewater release was Resolution# 430 published in 2011, that provides guidelines and standards regarding the release of wastewater in water bodies. This resolution states that only previously treated wastewater can be released in water bodies. To all potentially affecting substances, maximum allowed values were established for the operation of a receiving water body [2]
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