Abstract
In this article, we have explored the establishment of multiple parameter reference intervals for different age groups in Qingdao, China. According to the age of subjects, the healthy adult population of different ages in Qingdao was randomly selected as the research object. According to the age of subjects, they were divided into 18–24-year-old, 25–39-year-old, 40–49-year-old, 50–64-year-old, and >65-year-old groups, respectively. The sample size of each age group was 120 male and female samples, and 60 male and female samples of >65-year-old subjects were selected. The data of subjects were collected, a questionnaire survey was completed, serum samples were collected, and the parameters of male and female groups of different ages in Qingdao were compared. The parameters of the male and female groups were compared in the same age group. The reference intervals of parameters of the male and female groups were compared in different ages. There were significant differences in the levels of FBG, AST, BUN, Cr, Hb, FT3, TT3, FT4, TT4, VB12, PROG, CYFRA 21-1, and SCC among men of different ages (P < 0.05). Among them, the levels of FBG, AST, BUN, VB12, CYFRA 21-1, and SCC in >65-year-old men were significantly higher than those in 18–24-years-old men, and the levels of Hb, FT3, TT3, FT4, TT4 in >65-year-old men were significantly lower than those in 18–24-year-old men (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in FBG, ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, Hb, TSH, FT3, TT3, FT4, TT4, VB12, CYFRA 21-1, anti-TPO, and ferritin levels among women of different ages (P < 0.05). Among them, the levels of FBG, ALT, AST, BUN, and ferritin in women aged >65 were significantly higher than those in women aged 18–24 (P < 0.05). The levels of FBG, ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, Hb, FT3, TT3, FT4, TT4, and VB12 in women aged 50–64 were significantly higher than those in women aged 25–39, and the levels of TSH were significantly lower than those in women aged 25–39 and significantly higher than those of the female population aged 40–49 (P < 0.05). The levels of ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, Hb, FT3, TT3, FT4 and ferritin in males aged 18–24 were significantly higher than those in females, while the levels of TSH, VB12 in males aged 18–24 were significantly lower than those in females (P < 0.05). The levels of FBG, ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, Hb, FT3, TT3, FT4 and ferritin in males aged 25–39 were significantly higher than those in females, while the levels of TSH, VB12, CYFRA 21-1 in males aged 25–39 were significantly lower than those in females (P < 0.05). The levels of FBG, ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, Hb, FT3, TT3, FT4, CYFRA 21-1 and ferritin in males aged 40-49 were significantly higher than those in females, and the levels of VB12, anti-TG, anti-TPO in males aged 40-49 were significantly lower than those in females (P < 0.05). The levels of FBG, ALT, BUN, Cr, FT3, TT3 and ferritin in males aged 50-64 were significantly higher than those in females, while the levels of VB12, anti-TG in males aged 50-64 were significantly lower than those in females (P < 0.05). The levels of Cr, Hb and ferritin in males >65 years old were significantly higher than those in females (P < 0.05). The reference intervals of various parameters are different among different ages and genders. The establishment of multiparameter reference intervals for different age groups in Qingdao, China, is of great significance for the early diagnosis and evaluation of various diseases in Qingdao, China, so as to reduce the missed diagnosis rate of diseases and improve people's quality of life.
Highlights
With the progress of social science and technology, people’s lifestyle gradually changes and the incidence of various diseases is rising, seriously affecting people’s quality of life and even health. erefore, early diagnosis, timely detection, and treatment are of great significance to improve the quality of life of patients and patient prognosis. e reference interval is the value between the upper and lower reference limits, and it is the most commonly used and reliable decision-making tool in clinics [1]. e correct reference interval plays an important role in the diagnosis of disease and health assessment [2]
1080 adults aged 18 and over in Qingdao, China, were randomly selected to estimate the reference limit of 90% confidence interval using the nonparametric method and divided into five age groups according to age: 18–24 years, 25–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–64 years and >65 years, ensuring that each age group has the same number of participants, with a sample size of at least 120 males and 120 females per age group and a sample of at least 60 men and 60 women over 65 years of age that met the criteria set by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)
Because the indexes of Fasting blood glucose (FBG), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Cr, Hb, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), FT3, TT3, FT4, TT4, vitamin B12 (VB12), PROG, CYFRA 21-1, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), anti-TG, anti-TPO, and ferritin are of great significance in clinical work to provide a reference for clinical accurate diagnosis and treatment, in this study, the abovementioned index is taken as the research index
Summary
With the progress of social science and technology, people’s lifestyle gradually changes and the incidence of various diseases is rising, seriously affecting people’s quality of life and even health. erefore, early diagnosis, timely detection, and treatment are of great significance to improve the quality of life of patients and patient prognosis. e reference interval is the value between the upper and lower reference limits, and it is the most commonly used and reliable decision-making tool in clinics [1]. e correct reference interval plays an important role in the diagnosis of disease and health assessment [2]. With the progress of social science and technology, people’s lifestyle gradually changes and the incidence of various diseases is rising, seriously affecting people’s quality of life and even health. E correct reference interval plays an important role in the diagnosis of disease and health assessment [2]. Due to geographical differences and ethnic and environmental differences, the reference ranges of various indicators of the Chinese population are different from those in western countries; the systematic research level of the reference interval of the routine clinical laboratory test items in China is relatively backward, so it is important to establish the reference interval suitable for the population location in China to find and treat the disease in time [3]. The reference range is sensitive to many factors, such as region, environment, economic level, living habits, age, and sex [6]
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