Establishment of magneto-electric response in GdFeO3 doped PbTiO3 solid solutions

Abstract

This work promotes a thorough examination of the magnetic impact on the multiferroicity of the sample. The usual solid-state reaction method was used to synthesis Pb1-xGdxTi1-xFexO3 with x = 0.21, 0.22, and 0.23. XRD analysis showed a pure homogeneous single-phase compound with a tetragonal structure, indicating perfect diffusivity of Gd atoms into the PbTiO3 lattice. All of the samples show clear grain growth between 7.8 and 10.5 μm in the SEM images, proving that they were sintered at the correct temperature. Furthermore, ferroelectric transition temperature reduces from 388 K to below the ambient temperature range as the doping value of Gd grows. The room temperature P-E hysteresis loops indicated that the remnant polarization of the sample drops from 8.66 μC/cm2 to 2.065 μC/cm2 for x = 0.21 to 0.23 sample. Three distinct phenomena supported the ME coupling of all samples. The sample x = 0.21 exhibits the maximum magneto-dielectric response of 2.2 % at 1.2T having highest MDR coupling coefficient value of −1.41g2/emu2. Moreover, the sample x = 0.21 shows the highest shift in magnetization before and after electric poling of about 0.105 emu/g. As a result, the sample x = 0.21 emerges as a viable choice for application in a variety of multifunctional devices.