Abstract
Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum is an important aroma plant in genus Dendrathema, and the establishment of callus cultures and cell suspension cultures is the basement of further protoplast fusion studies, which make it possible to breed new fragrant chrysanthemum. In this study, the effects of different plant growth regulating substances in different concentrations on callus induction were investigated with stem segments, leaves, petioles as explants. The results showed that the optimal explants were lower stem segments according to the percentage of callus formation, callus hardness, growth potential and shoot differentiation. The optimal induction mediums were MS supplemented with 1.0 mg．l-12.4 D and 0.2 mg．l-1 6-BA. The cell suspension culture system was established by using the subculture calli. The results showed that the suitable inoculum size was 2g and the suitable cell suspension culture medium was MS supplemented with 0.2 mg．l-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg．l-1 2,4-D. The time course of cell growth showed that the greatest cell fresh weight appeared on day 14 and the highest cell viability on day 3.
Highlights
1.1 Introduce the ProblemChrysanthemum (Dendrathema×grandiflora), one of the famous traditional flowers in China, is widely cultivated in the world
Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum is an important aroma plant in genus Dendrathema, and the establishment of callus cultures and cell suspension cultures is the basement of further protoplast fusion studies, which make it possible to breed new fragrant chrysanthemum
The results showed that the optimal explants were lower stem segments according to the percentage of callus formation, callus hardness, growth potential and shoot differentiation
Summary
1.1 Introduce the ProblemChrysanthemum (Dendrathema×grandiflora), one of the famous traditional flowers in China, is widely cultivated in the world. Flowers of Chrysanthemum with brightly colored flowers and varied flower types are not fragrant or with a slightly scent. The improvement of Chrysanthemum’s aroma is an important topic in chrysanthemum breeding. Aromaticum is an herbaceous perennial plant characterized by special scent, which is the important aroma resource in genus Dendrathema and found in Shennongjia, Hu Bei province, P. R. China (Liu, Jia, & Yang, 1983). Previous research has proved that Dendranthema indicum var. Aromaticum was diploid (2n=2x=18) and Dendrathema × grandiflora was polypoild (2n=6x=54) (Zhu, Liu, & Dai, 2011) .As we know that it is difficult to cross breed if one species is diploid while the other is a higher ploidy level. In order to breed scented chrysanthemum, somatic hybridization will be applied. Somatic hybridization is to hybrid plants through the fusion of somatic protoplasts of two different plant species/varieties, with which some interspecific hybrids have been obtained in family Compositae, for example the hybrids between Helianthus annuas and H. giganteus (Henn, Wingender, & Schnabl, 1998; Krasnyanski, & Menczel, 1995), Tanacetum vulgare and T. cinerariifolium (Keskitalo, Angers, Earle, & Pehu,1999), Dendrathema×grandiflorum and Artemsia sieversiana(Lee, Paek, & Hwang, 1995),ect
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