Abstract
BackgroundThe injection of rabies immune globulin (RIG) is of the utmost importance in the management of category III exposures to rabies-suspect animals. Because of the high cost and limited availability of existing RIG, one possible replacement for RIG is monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the rabies virus (RABV). Consequently, it is necessary to determine the neutralizing activity of the MAbs against rabies viruses, especially street rabies virus. However, the method to detect the neutralizing activity of MAbs against street rabies virus remains undefined.MethodsTo establish a method for detecting the neutralizing activity of MAbs against street rabies virus, we constructed a library consisting of 12 strains of street RABV from 11 provinces in China. Using this street RABV library and the Reed–Muench formula, we established a method for detecting the neutralizing titer of the MAbs. The reliability and repeatability of the method were evaluated by repeatedly measuring the neutralizing activity of a MAb and a post vaccination serum.ResultsA total of 12 strains of street RABV were chosen for inclusion in the street RABV library, which covered six Chinese lineages (China I–China VI) and grew to high titers in N2A cells (> 105 FFD50/ml). On the basis of the library, we constructed the method to detect the neutralizing activity of the MAbs. The results of repeatedly measuring the MAbs and positive serum showed excellent reliability and repeatability of the method established in this study.ConclusionsThis study established a street RABV library reflecting the epidemiological features of Chinese rabies viruses, which provides a platform for detecting the neutralizing activity of MAbs against rabies viruses circulating in China.
Highlights
The injection of rabies immune globulin (RIG) is of the utmost importance in the management of category III exposures to rabies-suspect animals
* Correspondence: wgzcdc@hotmail.com; zhuwuyang1971@sina.com Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China (WHO) recommends that prophylaxis for the prevention of disease in humans exposed to the rabies virus (RABV), which is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus from the genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae, should include prompt and thorough wound cleansing followed by passive vaccination with rabies immune globulin (RIG) and vaccination with the rabies vaccine
The report of the World Health Organization (WHO)/Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Consultation agreed that the injection of rabies immune globulin into or around wounds is of the utmost importance in the management of category III exposures, which include single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, licks on broken skin, contamination of mucous membranes with saliva from licks and exposure to bats
Summary
The injection of rabies immune globulin (RIG) is of the utmost importance in the management of category III exposures to rabies-suspect animals. Because of the high cost and limited availability of existing RIG, one possible replacement for RIG is monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the rabies virus (RABV). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that prophylaxis for the prevention of disease in humans exposed to the rabies virus (RABV), which is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus from the genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae, should include prompt and thorough wound cleansing followed by passive vaccination with rabies immune globulin (RIG) and vaccination with the rabies vaccine. Rabies immunoglobulin neutralizes the rabies virus at the wound site during the period before the immune system responds to the vaccine via the production of RABV-neutralizing antibodies Both active and passive immunization prevent the RABV from infiltrating the central nervous system but become ineffective once the virus has entered the central nervous system. Because of the high costs and limited availability of existing RIGs, the WHO strongly recommends their replacement with a product that is at least potent and safer [5]
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