Establishing cephalometric norms for a Mexican population using Ricketts, Steiner, Tweed and Arnett analyses

Abstract

Objective: Most existing cephalometric analyses are based on norms for the Caucasian population. Therefore, they cannot be properly applied for Latin-American (Hispanic) patients. It is the purpose of this study to establish specific cephalometric standards for a Mexican ethnic group, using the Ricketts, Steiner, Tweed and Arnett analyses. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 100 non-growing patients which consists of 50 females and 50 males with native Mexican features and born in the central regions of Mexico, were traced manually and with the Quick Ceph Image Pro TM computer program. Lateral cephalograms of another subset of 30 patients with pleasant profiles (19 females and 11 males) were traced and Arnett Facial Analysis was performed. Results were statistically analyzed with the t-value, P value ( P Results: The statistical results of these cephalometric norms for a Hispanic population showed significant differences in the upper and lower incisors, facial axis and interincisal angles as well as other cephalometric measurements when compared to the Caucasian norms. Conclusion: These cephalometric norms can be applied for Native Americans from the USA and Latin-Americans from Central and South American countries due to the strong anthropometric, facial and ethnic similarities to the Mexican population.