Abstract
To develop natural product resources from the Clausena genus (Rutaceae), the essential oils (EOs) from four Clausena plants (Clausena excavata, C. lansium, C. emarginata, and C. dunniana) were analyzed by GC-MS. Their lethal (contact toxicity) and sublethal effects (repellency) against Liposcelis bostrychophila (LB) adults were also evaluated. Santalene sesquiterpene was the precursor substance of santalol, a valuable perfumery. It was found that plenty of α-santalol (31.7%) and α-santalane (19.5%) contained in C. lansium from Guangxi Province and α-santalene (1.5%) existed in C. emarginata. Contact toxicity of the four EOs was observed, especially C. dunniana (LD50 = 37.26 µg/cm2). Santalol (LD50 = 30.26 µg/cm2) and estragole (LD50 = 30.22 µg/cm2) were the two most toxic compounds. In repellency assays, C. excavate, C. lansium, and C. emarginata exhibited repellent effect at the dose of 63.17 nL/cm2 2 h after exposure (percentage repellencies were 100%, 98%, and 96%, respectively). Four Clausena EOs and santalol had an excellent potential for application in the management of LB. Clausena plants could be further developed to find more resources of natural products.
Highlights
About 30 species of the genus Clausena have been identified and are widely distributed over tropical and subtropical areas
Hydrodistillation of four different species of Clausena produced yellow-colored oil. e yields of essential oils (EOs) obtained from Clausena genus ranged from 0.03 to 0.67% (Table 2). e constituents were identified by combined GC-FID and GC-MS analysis in the EO of C. excavata, C. lansium, C. emarginata, and C. dunniana
C. dunniana has been found to possess the highest amounts of estragole since 1987 [35]. is work verified the previous finding that the estragole resource was rich in the EO of C. dunniana from China
Summary
About 30 species of the genus Clausena (family Rutaceae) have been identified and are widely distributed over tropical and subtropical areas. In China, there are about 10 species grown widely in southern provinces. Some of these species have been served as a folk medicine [1]. E plants from the genus Clausena are abundant in natural resource and possess many important sources of phytochemicals, alkaloids, coumarins, limonoids, and essential oils (EOs) [1, 3]. Santalene and santalol are the main components of valuable sandalwood EO obtained by distillation of the heartwood of Santalum species [11]. Santalene sesquiterpene is the precursor substance of santalol which is an important perfumery ingredient with sweet-woody and balsamic odor [12]. In order to get this oil-rich resource, sandalwood natural stands were excessively exploited, but the artificial stands were not easy to be established. In order to get this oil-rich resource, sandalwood natural stands were excessively exploited, but the artificial stands were not easy to be established. is led to a decrease in natural stocks and an increase in market prices [13]. us, Journal of Chemistry exploitation of new alternative natural perfume plant resources from other plants is one way to resolve this problem
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