Chemical composition and insecticidal properties of the essential oil of &lt;i&gt;Bidens frondosa&lt;/i&gt; L (Asteraceae) against booklice (&lt;i&gt;Liposcelis bostrychophila&lt;/i&gt;)

Xu Bo Chen,Heng Yu Li,Zhi Long Liu,Qi Zhi Liu

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v16i1.23

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate contact and fumigant toxicity of the essential oil of Bidens frondosa and its isolated constituents against booklice ( Liposcelis bostrychophila ). Methods: The essential oil of B. frondosa was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with HP-5MS column. The active constituents were purified from the oil by bioactivity-guided fractionation. Contact (impregnated filter paper method) and fumigant toxicity (sealed space) of the oil and its isolates were determined. Results: Thirty-two compounds, representing 98.88 % of the total oil, were determined and the major constituents of the essential oil were caryophyllene oxide (20.50 %), borneol (17.66 %), 4-terpineol (17.26 %), and β-cedrene (6.94 %). The essential oil displayed fumigant toxicity against booklice, with a median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 507.35 μg/L while the isolated constituents, borneol and 4-terpineol, had LC 50 values of 2.20 mg/L and 335.24 μg/L against booklice, respectively. The essential oil also exhibited contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila with an LC 50 value of 210.73 μg/cm 2 . Borneol, caryophyllene oxide, β-cedrene, and 4-terpineol showed acute toxicity against booklice with LC 50 of 98.04, 84.62, 458.79 and 211.35 μg/cm 2 , respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that the essential oil and its isolates possess potential for cultivation into natural insecticides or fumigants, for control of insects in stored grains. Keywords: Bidens frondosa, Liposcelis bostrychophila , Contact toxicity, Essential oil, Boolice, Stored grains, Natural insecticides, Fumigants

Highlights

During our screening program for new pesticides from Chinese medicinal herbs and local wild plants, the essential oil of the aerial parts of Bidens frondosa L. (Family: Asteraceae) was found to exhibit acute toxicity against booklice (Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel)
The results suggest that the essential oil and its isolates possess potential for cultivation into natural insecticides or fumigants, for control of insects in stored grains
The content of essential oil of the aerial parts of B. frondosa at flowering stage was 0.03 % while its density was 0.89 g/ml

Summary

Introduction

During our screening program for new pesticides from Chinese medicinal herbs and local wild plants, the essential oil of the aerial parts of Bidens frondosa L. (Family: Asteraceae) was found to exhibit acute toxicity against booklice (Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel). Common beggar-ticks (B. frondosa) are annual, erect, herbaceous plants arising from a taproot This herb is usually about 20 to 60 centimeters high, but it can reach 1.8 meters. It is weedy in appearance and extremely prolific This species originated from North America and has became a common invasive plant in China where it is often found in moist woods, meadows, thickets, fields, roadsides, railroads, borders of streams, ponds, sloughs, swamps and ditches [1]. It is presently distributed in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Liaoning province, China [1,2]

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