Abstract
The location of mitoxantrone molecule in micelles formed by bile salts (sodium taurocholate (NaTC) and sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC)) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, using three doxylstearic acid probes (5-, 12- and 16-doxylstearic acid abbreviated as 5-DSA, 12-DSA and 16-DSA). The analysis of ESR parameters of these spin probes evidenced slower dynamics induced by mitoxantrone that vary in the following order: 12-DSA > 5-DSA > 16-DSA for both bile salts micelles and 5-DSA > 12-DSA > 16-DSA for SDS micelles. The ESR parameters are slightly sensitive to variation of pH. These results indicate that the spin probes target different regions in these aggregates. Keywords: mitoxantrone, bile salts micelles, SDS micelles, ESR spectroscopy
Highlights
The location of mitoxantrone molecule in micelles formed by bile salts (sodium taurocholate (NaTC) and sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC)) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, using three doxylstearic acid probes (5, 12- and 16-doxylstearic acid abbreviated as 5-DSA, 12-DSA and 16-DSA)
In the present study we have extended the previous work by investigating the location of mitoxantrone molecule in micelles of two bile salts, sodium taurocholate (NaTC) and sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC), and one synthetic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) using ESR spectroscopy
The paramagnetic centers of 5-DSA and 16-DSA are near the micelle/water interface and deep within the micelle bilayer, respectively, and incorporation of these spin probes into micelles results in distinctive ESR spectra
Summary
The location of mitoxantrone molecule in micelles formed by bile salts (sodium taurocholate (NaTC) and sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC)) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, using three doxylstearic acid probes (5-, 12- and 16-doxylstearic acid abbreviated as 5-DSA, 12-DSA and 16-DSA). Mechanism of antitumor activity of mitoxantrone is not completely understood but different studies have shown that nuclear DNA is the major target for the drug and the planar anthraquinone ring intercalates between DNA base pairs and the nitrogen-containing side chains bind the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA [9,10,11,12,13]. Before reaching the nuclear DNA inside of the cell, mitoxantrone cross and interacts with cellular and nuclear membranes Surfactant micelles with their hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic interior serve as simple membrane mimetic system that allows a controlled study of the effect of different membrane parameters on the structural dynamism of ligand molecules [17]. The bile salts have a common chemical structure quite different from synthetic surfactants They have a core comprising a large, rigid and hydrophobic steroid moiety with attached hydrophilic groups (typically two or three hydroxyl groups) and an anionic carboxyl head group. This specific structure results in an aggregation pattern and a micellar structure much different from those of conventional surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulphate [23, 24]
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