Abstract
The main principles and development of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) are briefly reviewed. The role of ESCA techniques (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy) in the investigation of metallic surfaces is discussed, evidencing their importance and analytical potentiality. An overview is given of a series of recent experimental cases of ESCA application for the characterization of different metals and metallic alloys, illustrating the main results and various phenomena, such as the formation of impurity defects, corrosion, migration of constituent elements in various alloys, clustering in liquid alloy, etc., that can occur on the surface and the interface of investigated materials. These materials comprise the collection coins of noble metals, some metal alloys and Ni-based superalloys, nitride coatings on stainless steel, composite material with TiAlV alloy, treated austenitic steels, and graphene interface with polycrystalline metal foils. The present review could be particularly recommended for the newcomers to the research field of surface analysis and its application for various metals, their treatments, and possible modifications in operating conditions.
Highlights
From the very beginning of surface science around 1960, coinciding with the discovery of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) [1], a great part of the first surface analysis studies has been dedicated to various metals [2]
The importance and potentiality of ESCA techniques for the exploration of metallic surfaces was illustrated by reviewing the main principles of these techniques and seven experimental cases of our research
The main techniques comprised in ESCA, i.e., X-ray photoemission and Auger electron spectroscopies, were successfully employed for the investigation of different metallic surfaces, and their modifications were induced by different treatments or operating conditions
Summary
From the very beginning of surface science around 1960, coinciding with the discovery of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) [1], a great part of the first surface analysis studies has been dedicated to various metals [2]. We present the most interesting cases of experimental research capabilities of surface analysis for the exploration of metals, including their modifications carried out in our lab during the last few decades. These cases comprise the surface defects on noble induced by operating conditions. We present the most interesting cases of metals (collection coins), some metal alloys and superalloys, nitride coatings on steel, composite experimental research carried out in our lab during the last few decades These cases comprise the material with TiAlV alloy, treatments of austenitic steel, and graphene growth on polycrystalline metals.
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