Abstract
BackgroundSpecial Olympics (SO) events represent an opportunity to obtain considerable information regarding intellectual disable (ID) patients. Studies done with SO data have shown an overview of the oral health status of these athletes; however, no information exists regarding the erosive tooth wear (ETW). Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the presence and severity of ETW in athletes with ID who participated in the SO Belgium 2016.MethodsThe study population consisted in 232 athletes with ID who participated in the SO special smiles program, Belgium 2016. For analysis, the sample was divided in three groups: a) athletes with ID under the age of 25 not diagnosed with Down Syndrome (DS) (n = 174), b) athletes with DS under the age of 25 (n = 39) and c) athletes with DS from 25 and older ages (n = 58). Two calibrated dentists performed dental examinations using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index (BEWE). The BEWE sum > 0 was used to determine prevalence of ETW. Severity was determined by two- indicators: 1) By risk levels (low, medium and high risk) proposed by the BEWE index, and 2) by the highest score reached per subject in at least one tooth (BEWE1, 2 or 3). Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to detect significant differences among different groups (p < 0.05).ResultsThe prevalence of ETW for young athletes with ID was 51.14%. Within these athletes, the DS group presented a significant higher mean BEWE sum (4.67, SD 5.64) and prevalence of ETW (69.2%BEWE> 0) when compared to athletes without DS (mean BEWE sum: 1.96, SD 3.47 and 46.3% BEWE> 0; p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significantly higher percentage of athletes with DS were considered at high risk of ETW (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAs a conclusion, half of the young athletes with ID presented at least one affected surface with ETW. The recorded prevalence and severity of ETW for the younger group of athletes with DS was distinctly higher than the athletes with ID not having DS. This shows the need to generate knowledge in order to provide correct management and prevention of erosive tooth wear in populations with ID.
Highlights
Special Olympics (SO) events represent an opportunity to obtain considerable information regarding intellectual disable (ID) patients
The main result of this study show that approximately one half of the athletes with ID up to age 25 who were screened in Belgium have at least one tooth surface affected by erosive tooth wear (ETW) (51.2% Basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) sum > 0)
The older group of athletes with Down Syndrome (DS) presented high prevalence rates (94.8%) and severe forms of ETW, which differ considerably from the general population. This outcome is similar to the results shown by Bell et al [7], where a group of people with DS had a significant higher index of Tooth wear (TW) (59.2% pathological TW and 34.7% severe TW) in comparison to a control group
Summary
Special Olympics (SO) events represent an opportunity to obtain considerable information regarding intellectual disable (ID) patients. Studies done with SO data have shown an overview of the oral health status of these athletes; no information exists regarding the erosive tooth wear (ETW). In the past few years, the Special Smiles program organized by the Special Olympics contest (SOSS) has become an important platform to investigate and evaluate the oral health status and treatment needs of a. Marro et al BMC Oral Health (2019) 19:37 considerable number of patients with ID [8] This program collects data of athletes with ID from all over the world in order to understand their treatment needs and improve their access to oral health care [9]. Several oral health parameters are included in the Special smiles screenings with much attention drawn in to the major oral health problems such as caries and periodontal diseases; other prevalent conditions affecting the oral health status have not been included
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