拉克勞(Ernesto Laclau)霸權理論中的敵對與異質性

Abstract

Despite the fact that dispersion / heterogeneity is not thoroughly discussed in Laclau and Mouffe's earlier work on hegemony, it does indeed play a significant role. I would contend that hegemony theory is, from the outset, constructed in the particular way in which dispersion/heterogeneity is theorized. This paper attempts to demonstrate that although Laclau and Mouffe have constantly emphasized the ultimate impossibility of closure, their insistence on the necessity of antagonism and hegemonic formation has generated a seemingly inevitable effect: that dispersion/heterogeneity can only be perceived from the perspective of structure/system and deemed as its lack or deficiency. The first part of this paper discusses the notion of 'regularity of dispersion'. This will then be followed by an explication of categories of 'antagonism' and 'dislocation' and how they are related to Laclau's understanding of dispersion/heterogeneity. The third part focuses on the reformulation of the category of heterogeneity in Laclau's latest work, and will provide a preliminary reflection on its theoretical as well as political consequences.